The Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur Llywelyn ab Iorwerth to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 1201 In this year Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, being a young man graced with generosity and worthiness, gained possession of the cantref of Llyn and Eifionydd, after driving out Maredudd ap Cynan because of his treachery. And the community of Ystrad Fflur went to the new church on the eve of Whit Sunday, after it had been nobly and handsomely built. And on the feast of St. James the apostle died Gruffydd, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys and a prince of Wales by right and inheritance, after assuming the habit of the order of Ystrad Fflur; and there he was honourably buried. 1202 In this year Maredudd ap Cynan was expelled from Meirionydd, because of his treachery, by Hywel ap Gruffudd, his nephew, and he was despoiled of all his possessions except his horse. And the Welsh took the castle of Gwerthrynion from Roger de Mortimer and burned it to the ground. And Llywelyn ab Iorwerth moved a mighty host to Powys to subdue Gwenwynwyn and to gain possession of his territory. And he took the castle of Bala. 1203 In this year Llywelyn ab Iorwerth expelled Dafydd ab Owain from Gwynedd; and he died in England. And Gwenwynwyn took the castles of Llandovery and Llangadog and drove Maelgwn away. 1204 In this year Hywel, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys, was slain in Cemaes through betrayal by the men of Maelgwn, his brother; and he died after he had assumed the habit of the order of Ystrad Fflur, and he was honourably buried in the same grave as Gruffudd, his brother. And Maelgwn ap Rhys lost as it were the bolts and stays of all his territory and all else he had to his name, to wit the castles of Llandovery and Dinefwr to the sons of Gruffudd, his brother. And William Marshall came against the castle of Gilgerran with a great host and took it. 1205 In this year Maelgwn ap Rhys caused a certain Irishman to slay with a battle-axe Cedifor ap Gruffudd, a praiseworthy man, gracious, strong and generous, by treachery and unjustly, him and his four sons, after they had been seized. 1206 In this year cardinal John came from Rome and he gathered together bishops and abbots and monks beyond number, and held a stately synod wherein to confirm the laws of the Church. 1208 In this year Christianity was interdicted throughout all England and Wales because John, king of England, opposed the election of the archbishop of Canterbury. And Gwenwynwyn was seized at Shrewsbury by the king. And Llywelyn ab Iorwerth made for his territory and gained possession of all of it and his castles and his townships. And when Maelgwn ap Rhys learned of this, for fear of Llywelyn he razed the castle of Ystrad Meurig to the ground and burned Dineirth and Aberystwyth. And Llywelyn came to Aberystwyth and there he built the castle again and gained for himself the cantref of Penweddig and he held it; and the other portion, between the Dyfi and the Aeron, he gave to the sons of Gruffudd. 1209 In this year Rhys and Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, manfully attacked the castle of Llangadog, and after killing some and capturing others of the garrison, they burned the castle. 1210 In this year the earl of Chester again built the castle of Degannwy, which Llywelyn ab Iorwerth had destroyed for fear of the king, and the castle of Holywell. And Llywelyn ravaged the land of that said earl. And about the feast of Andrew the Apostle, Gwenwynwyn recovered his land with the support of the king of England. And Maelgwn ap Rhys was joyful because of that, and he made a mutual pledge with the king. And forthwith, unmindful of the oath and pledge he had given to Rhys and Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, he gathered a mighty host of French and Welsh; and he attacked the cantref of Penweddig. And Rhys and Owain and their war-band fell on the host by night, and killed some and captured others, and drove the others to flight. And Maelgwn shamefully fled on foot by night and escaped. 1211 In this year Llywelyn ab Iorwerth led frequent attacks against the Saxons, harassing them cruelly. And because of that, John, king of England, gathered a mighty host and made for Gwynedd, planning to dispossess Llywelyn and to destroy him utterly. And the king came as far as Chester and to the castle of Degannwy. And there the host suffered lack of food to such an extent that an egg was sold for a penny-halfpenny; and they found the flesh of their horses as good as the best dishes. And because of that the king, having lost many of his men, returned in shame to England without having fulfilled aught of his mission. And he returned again in August, and with him a host which was greater and fiercer. And Llywelyn, being unable to suffer the king's rage, sent his wife, the king's daughter, to him by the counsel of his leading men to make peace with the king on whatever terms he could. And after he had accepted safe conduct to go to the king and to come away from him free, he went to the king and was reconciled to him. And then all the princes of Wales made peace with the king, except the two sons of Gruffudd, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys. And the king with great joy and victory returned to England. And he commanded Falkes, sheriff of Cardiff, to take all the host of Glamorgan and Dyfed with him to force the sons of Gruffudd ap Rhys to yield or else to drive them from all the kingdom. And Rhys and Owain, being unable to counter such great might as that, sent messengers to Falkes to draw up peace for them; for there was no place for them to flee in all of Wales. And Rhys and Owain went to the king under safe conduct of Falkes; and the king received them into reconciliation and into peace. 1212 In this year Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of Gwynedd, being unable to bear the injuries which the men from the new castles were inflicting upon him, made a solm pact with the princes of Wales, namely, Gwenwynwyn, Maelgwn ap Rhys, Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor, Maredudd ap Rhobert. And he rose up against the king, and by the end of two months, he laid seige to all the castles which the king had built in Gwynedd, and took them all except two, Degannwy and Rhuddlan. And there was a battle in Spain between the Christians and the Saracens. And there were slain of the Saracens and Pagans seventy thousand men and three thousand women. And three leaders of gentle birth from Wales were hanged in England, namely, Hywel ap Cadwallon, Madog ap Maelgwn, Meurig Barach. And Pope Innocent the Third absolved three princes, namely, Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and Gwenwynwyn and Maelgwn ap Rhys, from the oath and allegiance they owed to the king of England. And he enjoined upon them, for the remission of their sins, to direct friendly endeavour and action against the iniquity of that king. And he interdicted the churches for five years in all England and Wales, except for the territory of those three princes and those who were leagued with them. 1213 In this year John, king of England, went to the archbishop of Canterbury to do penance. And he recalled the archbishop and the bishops and the clerics who had gone into exile because of the interdict on the churches. And he swore, too, that he would restore everything that he had taken from the Church. And Llywelyn ab Iorwerth took the castle of Degannwy and the castle of Rhuddlan, and he gained possession of them. 1214 In this year John, king of England, and along with him a vast multitude of fighting men, sailed to Poitou. And he rose up with great turmoil and war against Philip, king of France. And after fighting long, through God's providence, the victory fell to the king of France. And after making a seven-years' truce with him, John returned to England. And he restored to the clerics almost all that had been taken from them. 1215 In this year strife arose between John, king of England, and the leading men of the realm. And that strife spread so much that all the leading men and the princes of Wales made a pact against the king that no one of them, without the consent of all the others, would make peace or agreement or truce with the king until he gave to the Church its liberty and its rights, and until there there should be restored to each one of them their laws and their power and their castles, which he had taken from them without law or truth or justice. And then the men of the North rose up against him and subdued the city of London. And Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of Gwynedd, and the Welsh made for Shrewsbury; and the town and the castle surrendered to them without resistance. And Reginald de Breos took for his wedded wife the daughter of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of Gwynedd. And Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, by counsel of all the princes of Wales along with him, led a host, by their common counsel, against Carmarthen. And by the fifth day the castle surrendered to them, and they razed it to the ground. and thereupon they overthrew to the ground Llanstephan and St. Clears and Laugharne and the new castle in Emlyn. And the castles of Trefdraeth, Cardigan and Cilgerran surrendered to them. 1216 In this year Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog, lord of Powys, made a solemn pact with John, king of England, and he renounced and scorned the oaths and pledges and charters which he had given to Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and to the princes and leading men of Wales and England, and he renounced the homage he had done to Llywelyn ab Iorwerth. And when Llywelyn learned that, it vexed him and he beseeched him to return. And when he had gained nothing thereby, he gathered a host and summoned to him almost all the princes of wales, and went to Powys and drove Gwenwynwyn in flight to the earl of Chester; and he subdued for himself all his land and gained possession of it. And about the feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, John, king of England, died at Newark; and he was taken to Worcester and was buried honourably in the church of Mary near the grave of St. Wulfstan. 1217 In this year Reginald de Breos made peace with the King. And when Rhys and Owain, sons of Gruffudd, saw that their uncle had renounced his pact, they rose up against him and took from the cantref of Builth, and gained possession of it all except the castle. And Llywelyn ab Iorwerth also was enraged on account of that reconciliation. And he moved a host against Reginald and made for Brycheiniog, and went against Brecon. And the burgesses, with the help of Rhys Ieuanc ap Gruffudd, made peace with him. And Reginald surrendered to Llywelyn and Llywelyn gave him the castle of Seinenydd. And Llywelyn turned his course towards Dyfed, and Rhys ap Gruffudd with him and a host of the men of the South. And the Flemmings sued for peace. And in the meantime peace was discussed between the king of England and Louis, son of the king of France. And peace was made between them in this wise: the king of England gave to the barons of England all their laws and all their customs; and on either side the prisoners were released; and Louis forswore the land of England for ever. 1218 In this year Christianity was restored to the Southerners. And the castles of Carmarthen and cardigan were given to the Lord Llywelyn, prince of Gwynedd, to keep. And Rhys ap Gruffudd alone of all the men of the South, by counsel of the Lord Llywelyn, made for the king's court and did him homage. 1219 In this year Rhys Gryg took the daughter of the earl of Clare for his wedded wife and John de Breos took Margaret, daughter of the Lord Llywelyn, for his wedded wife. 1220 In this year, about the feast of Ieuan y Coed, Llywelyn, prince of Gwynedd, gathering to him the princes and leading men of all Wales, moved a mighty host against the Flemmings of Rhos and Pembroke because of the frequent attacks they made upon the Welsh. And he burned Haverford all to the gates of the castle. And he traversed Rhos and Daugleddau inflicting immense slaughter. And at last, having made a truce he returned joyfully. 1221 In this year John de Breos, by leave and counsel of the Lord Llywelyn, repaired the castle of Swansea. 1222 In this year died Rhys Ieuanc ap Gruffudd ship and haven and defender of the weak; father and shepherd and foster-father of clerics; the trampler and terror and fear of his enemies; the one hope of all Deheubarth. Moreover, he died after long infirmity of illness and pain, making a good end after assuming the habit of the order of the White Monks of Ystrad Fflur. And after him Owain, his brother, succeeded to his patrimony, but he received only a portion; and the other portion Llywelyn gave to Maelgwn ap Rhys. 1223 In this year there was war between William Marshal and the Lord Llywelyn. 1224 In this year a community was sent from Whitland to the "White Strand" in Ireland. 1225 In this year died Cedifor, abbot of Ystrad Fflur. 1226 In this year died Louis, the eminent king of France. 1227 In this year Maredudd, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys, archdeacon of Ceredigion, died in the church of Mary at Lampeter; and Iorwerth, bishop of Menevia, buried him honourably near the grave of Yr Arglwydd Rhys, his father, in the church of Dewi Sant. 1228 In this year Henry, king of England, and with him a vast host came to Wales, planning to subdue the Lord Llywelyn and all the Welsh. And the Welsh gathered together in unity with their prince and attacked him in the place that is called Ceri. And the king after peace had been arranged between him and Llywelyn, and after the leading men of Wales who were there had done him homage, without kingly honour, he returned to England. 1229 In this year died Iorwerth, bishop of Menevia. 1230 In this year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the Lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife. 1231 In this year Maelgwn, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys, died at Llanerch Aeron; and he was buried at Ystrad Fflur in the chapter-house. And king Henry built Painscastle in Elfael. And strife grew afresh between the Lordd Llywelyn and the king, and Llywelyn destroyed Baldwin's Castle, Brecon, Hay and Radnor and burned them all. And he burned the town of Caerleon and destroyed the castles of Neath and Cydweli. And Maelgwn Ieuanc ap Maelgwn manfully made for the town of Cardigan and he ravaged it and burned it completely up to the castle gate; and he slew all the burgesses whom he found in it, and returned again in victory with vast spoils. And he broke the bridge over the Teifi. And Maelgwn went a second time to Cardigan with Owain ap Gruffudd and the Lord Llywelyn's men and laid seige to the castle and breached it with cataults till the garrison was forced to surrender the castle. 1232 In this year John de Breos was drawn at is own horse's tail; and so he died a cruel death. 1233 In this year Llywelyn and a mighty host along with him went to Brycheiniog, and he burned all the towns and the castles, and he carried many spoils away with him. And he razed Castell Coch to the ground; and he burned the town of Oswestry. And strife arose between Henry, king of England, and Richard Marshall, earl of Pembroke. And the earl made a solemn pact and agreement with the Lord Llywelyn and with the Welsh. And Richard Marshall and Owain ap Gruffudd took the castles of Cardiff, Abergavenny, Pencelli, Blaenllynfi, Bwlchydinas, and they destroyed them all except Cardiff. And Rhys Gryg, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys, died at Llandeilo-fawr, and he was buried at Menevia, near the grave of Yr Arglwydd Rhys. 1234 In this year Richard, earl of Pembroke, a young knight eminent in arms, went to Ireland. And there in battle his barons treacherously deserted him and he was mortally wounded. And Gruffudd, son of the Lord Llywelyn, was released from prison. 1235 In this year Owain ap Gruffudd, a man of gentle lineage and of graceful manners, died at Ystrad Fflur. And he was buried in the chapter-house of the monks, close by the grave of Rhys Ieuanc, his brother. 1236 In this year Gilbert, earl of Pembroke, took by treachery the castle of Morgan ap Hywel, which is called Machein. And after making a great fortification around it he gave back the castle for fear of the Lord Llywelyn. 1237 In this year the Lady of Wales, wife of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and daughter to the king of England, - her name was Joan - died in Llywelyn's court at Aber; and her body was buried in a consecrated enclosure which was on the shore-bank. And there after that bishop Hywel consecrated a monastery for the Barefoot Friars to the honour of the Blessed Mary. And the prince built it all at his cost for the soul of his lady. 1238 In this year on the day after the feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, all the princes of Wales swore allegiance and fealty to Dafydd ap Llywelyn at Ystrad Fflur. And Maredudd ap Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor slew Gruffudd, his brother. And forthwith the Lord Llywelyn took from him all his territory. 1239 In this year died Maredudd Goeg, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys; and he was buried at Whitland. And Dafydd ap Llywelyn seized Gruffudd, his brother, and imprisoned him and his son in the castle of Cricieth. 1240 In this year the Lord Llywelyn ab Iorwerth ab Owain Gwynedd, prince of Wales, a second Achilles, died after he had assumed the Order of Aberconwy; and he was buried honourably there. And after him ruled Dafydd, his son by Joan, daughter of John, king of England. And that Dafydd did homage to Henry, king of England, his uncle, at Gloucester. 1241 In this year the king gathered a mighty host to subdue all the Welsh and to receive their homage. And he fortified a castle at Disserth, and took hostages from Gwynedd. And he gave to Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn his rights in Powys, and to the sons of Maredudd ap Cynan their territory in Meirionydd; and he took Gruffudd ap Llywelyn to London to his prison. 1242 In this year died Gruffudd ap Maredudd, son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys, who was then archdeacon in Cardigan. 1243 In this year Henry, king of England, unrighteously oppressed Welshmen and many others. 1244 In this year died Rhys Mechyll ap Rhys Gryg. And as Gruffudd ap Llywelyn and some of his men along with him were in the king of England's prison in London, he planned to escape and threw a rope through the tower window and sought to escape along it; but through ill-fate the rope broke, and he fell, so that his neck was broken. And when Dafydd, his brother, heard that, he was moved by great anger, and he summoned to him all his leading men and swooped like a lion amongst his enemies and drove them all from his bounds, save for those who were in castles. 1245 In this year Henry, king of England, and along with him a mighty host came to Degannwy, planning to subdue all the Welsh. And there he fortified himself a castle against the will of Dafydd ap Llywelyn, and returned to England. And to commemorate his act, he left many corpses of his men dead in Gwynedd unburied, some in the sea, others on land. 1246 In this year the shield of Wales, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, died in his court at Aber; and his body was buried at Aberconwy with the body of his father. And since he had no heir of his body, there ruled after him the sons of Gruffudd, Owain Goch and Llywelyn. And those by counsel of the wise men of the land, divided the territory into two halves between them. 1247 In this year Hywel ab Ednyfed, bishop of St. Asaph, died at Oxford; and there he was buried. 1248 In this year the king granted the abbot of Ystrad Fflur and the abbot of Aberconwy the body of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, when they came to seek it; and they took it with them to Aberconwy, where it lies. 1249 In this year Louis, the most eminent king of France, and with him his three brothers and the queen, went to the city of Damietta, which the Almighty God delivered to him after the Saracens had left it. And after that the Saracens captured that said king, after Robert, his brother, and about thirty thousand of the Christians had been slain. And for his release and safe conduct to Acre, he delivered Damietta to the Saracens and an immense sum of money therewith. And he returned safely hence. And within a few days after that God gave him victory over his enemies and over the enemies of Christ, and vengeance for his own men by the capture of many of the Saracens and the killing of countless numbers of them. 1250 In this year the king of Scotland died. 1251 In this year Gwladus, daughter of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, died at Windsor. And about the end of that year Morgan son of Yr Arglwydd Rhys, died at Ystrad Fflur after assuming the habit of the order. 1252 In this year died Gwilym ap Gwrwared, steward to the king over the land which had belonged to Maelgwn Ieuanc. That man carried off spoil from Elfael at the king's command, because the men of Elfael sought to make use of the pastures of Elfed as though by right. 1253 In this year Thomas, bishop of Menevia, returned from the court of Rome. 1254 In this year Gwenllian, daughter of Maelgwn Ieuanc, died at Llanfihangel Gelynrhod on the feast-day of At. Catherine; and her body was buried honourably at Ystrad Fflur in the chapter-house of the monks. 1255 In this year strife arose between the sons of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, Owain Goch and Dafydd, his brother, on one side and Llywelyn on the other. And Llywelyn, trusting in God, fearlessly awaited the coming of his brothers against him, and with them a mighty host. And unperturbed in the fighting, in the space of an hour he captured his brothers and imprisoned them, after many of their men had been slain and others put to flight. And he gained possession of all their lands without any opposition to him. And died Margaret, daughter of Maelgwn, wife of Owain ap Rhobert. And the grat bell of Ystrad Fflur was bought for twenty-seven marks and five shillings and two cows. And it was raised on the feast-day of St. Bartholomew the apostle, and it was consecrated by the bishop of Bangor. 1256 In this year the gentlefolk of Wales, despoiled of their liberty and their rights, came to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and revealed to him with tears their grievous bondage to the English; and they made known to him that they preferred to be slain in war for their liberty than to suffer themselves to be unrighteously trampled by foreigners. And Llywelyn, at their instigation and by their counsel and at their request, made for Perfeddwlad, and with him Maredudd ap Rhys Gryg; and he gaiined possession of it all. And after that he took the cantref of Meirionydd into his hands. And the land that belonged to Edward, the earl of Chester, the son of king Henry, he gave to Maredudd ab Owain, and Builth he gave to Maredudd ap Rhys, and keeping naught for himself, but only fame and honour. And after that he took Gwerthrynion from Roger de Mortimer and held it in his own hand. 1257 In this year Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, and Maredudd ap Rhys and Maredudd ab Owain along with him, went against the land of Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn, and he gained possession of it all except the castle of welshpool and a portion of the valley of the Severn. And after that Llywelyn ap Gruffudd took the land of Cemaes and burned all Rhos except Haverford. And then he dispossessed Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn of his land. And Maelgwn Ieunanc died and his body was buried in the chapter-house at Ystrad Fflur. 1258 In this year all the Welsh made a pact together, and they gave an oath to maintain loyalty and agreement together, under pain of excommunication upon whomsoever of them broke it. And Maredudd ap Rhys went against that oath, without keeping his oath. And strife arose in England between the foreigners. And Dafydd ap Gruffudd and Maredudd ab Owain and Rhys ap Rhys went to parley with Maredudd ap Rhys and Patrick de Chaworth, seneschal to the king at Carmarthen. And Patrick and Maredudd broke the truce and swooped down on them. And then Patrick was slain, and with him many knights and foot-soldiers. 1259 In this year king Henry sailed to France to parley with the king of France. 1260 In this year Llywelyn ap Gruffudd went to the land of Builth; and he took that land from Roger de Mortimer. And Owain ap Maredudd of Elfael came to Llywelyn's peace. 1261 In this year died Gwladus, daughter of Gruffudd, who was wife to Rhys Ieuanc ap Rhys Mechyll. And Owain ap Maredudd, lord of Cydewain, died. 1262 In this year Llywelyn ap Gruffudd came to Malienydd and Brycheiniog and received homage. 1263 In this year John Lestrange, constable and bailiff of Baldwin's Castle, gathered a mighty host and came by night through Ceri. And the Welsh gathered in pursuit of them and slew two hundred of the English, some in a field, others in the barn of Aber-miwi. And the barons of England and the Welsh rose up against Edward and the foreigners, and desired to cast them forth from all the kingdom of England. And Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and his host took and destroyed the castles of Carreg Faelan and Degannwy. And Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn destoyed the castle of Yr Wyddgrug. 1264 In this year after a mighty battle at Lewes the earls and barons captured the king and his sons, Edward and Edmund, and slew ten thousand of the king's men. And Wales had a peace from the English and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was prince over all Wales. 1265 In this year Edward, son of Henry, escaped and defeated earl Simon de Montford at Evesham. And Maredudd ab Owain, defender of all Deheubarth and counsellor of all Wales, died at Llanbadarn-fawr; and he was buried at Ystrad Fflur. 1266 In this year king Henry and Edward, his son, took the castle of Kenilworth. 1267 In this year Llywelyn ap Gruffudd made a pact with the earl of Clare. And after that the earl gathered a mighty host and made for the city of London; and forthwith through the deceit and treachery of the burgesses he took the city. And king Henry and Edward, his son, forced the earl to submit. And peace and concord were arranged between Henry, king of England, and the Lord Llywelyn, prince of Wales, with Ottobon, the Pope's legate, as mediator between them, at Baldwin's Castle. And for that peace and agreement he promised to the king thirty thousand marks of the king's sterling. And the king granted that the prince should receive the homage of the barons of Wales, and that the barons should maintain themselves and their followers wholly under the prince, and that there should be princes of Wales from that time forth, and that they should be so named. And that was also ratified by the authority of the Pope. 1268 In this year Goronnwy ab Ednyfed, steward to the prince, a man eminent in arms and generous with gifts died. And died Joab, abbot of Ystrad Fflur. 1269 In this year Gruffudd ap Madog ap Gruffudd Maelor and Madog Fychan, his brother, died on the same day. 1270 In this year Llywelyn ap Gruffudd took the castle of Caerfilli. 1271 In this year Maredudd ap Rhys Gryg, a brave, powerful man, died in his own castle at dryslwyn; and his body was honourably buried in the great Church at Whitland on the steps in front of the altar. And Rhys Ieuanc ap Rhys Mechyll died in his castle at Dinefwr; and he was buried in the monastery of Talley. 1272 In this year Henry, king of England, died. And after him Edward, his eldest son, reigned. 1273 In this year Owain and Gruffudd, sons of Maredudd, gave Cwmwd Perfedd to Cynan, their brother. 1274 In this year Llywelyn ap Gruffudd sent messengers to Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn to the castle of Welshpool. And Gwenwynwyn had them made prisoners. And Llywelyn gathered the host of all Wales to lay seige the castle. And he took the castle, released the messengers, and he burned the castle and subdued the territory of Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn, and placed officers of his own in every place in the territory. 1275 In this year king Edward summoned the Lord Llywelyn to render him homage at Chester. And after taking counsel from the leading men of all Wales, he did not go to the king's court because his fugitives were with the king, and the king commending them and maintaining them, namely Dafydd ap Gruffudd and Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn. And the king in rage returned to England 1276 In this year Llywelyn frequently sent messengers to the king's court to seek to arrange peace between them, but he did not succeed at all. And king Edward set up three hosts to war against the Welsh. And those gained possession of Powys for Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn, and Cydewain and Ceri and Gwerthrynion and Builth for Roger de Mortimer; and the earl of Hereford gained possession of Brycheiniog. 1277 In this year the earl of Lincoln and Roger de Mortimer laid seige to the prince's castle of Dolforwyn, and took it by seige for lack of water. And then Rhys ap Maredudd and Rhys Wyndod, the prince's nephew, made a pact with Pain de Chaworth. And Deheubarth submitted to the king, and the three commots above the Aeron. And Edmund, the king's brother, built a castle at Aberystwyth. And the king fortified Flint and Rhuddlan. And the prince came to Rhuddlan to the king to make peace with him. and the king invited him to London at Christmas; and there he tendered his homage. 1278 In this year king Edward and Edmund, his brother, gave Eleanor, daughter of Simon de Montfort, their kinsman, as wedded wife to the prince. And they married in the cathedral church at Winchester, with king Edward there and then going to liberal expense for the wedding banquet. And by her the prince had a daughter, who was called Gwenllian. And Eleanor died giving birth to her. And that Gwenllian, after the prince's death, was taken into captivity in England; and before her coming of age she was made a nun against her will. 1279 In this year king Edward had his money changed, and the halfpenny and the farthing were made round. Andthen was verified the soothsaying of Myrddin when he said, "The form of exchange shall be split, and its half shall be round." 1280 In this year died Phylip Goch, abbot of Ystrad Fflur. And after him came Einion Sais, under whom the monastery was after thar burned. And Thomas, bishop of Menevia, sang the first Mass that he sang in his diocese at the high altar in the church at Ystrad Fflur. 1281 In this year Dafydd ap Gruffudd took the castle at Hawarden, after slaying all the garrison except Roger de Clifford, lord of the castle, and Pain de Gamage. Those he imprisoned. 1282 In this year Gruffudd ap Maredudd and Rhys Fychan ap Rhys ap Maelgwn took the castle and town of Aberystwyth. And Rhys gained possession of the cantref of Penweddig and Gruffudd the commot of Mefenydd. On Palm Sunday took place the breach between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Edward Longshanks, king of England. And the autumn after that, the king and his host came to Rhuddlan. And he sent a fleet of ships to Anglesey, and they gained possession of Arfon. And then was made the bridge over the Menai; but the bridge broke and countless numbers of the English were drowned and others slain. And then was effected the betrayal of Llywelyn in the belfry at Bangor by his own men. And then Llywelyn ap Gruffudd left Dafydd, his brother, guarding Gwynedd; and he himself and his host went to gain possession of Powys and Builth. And he gained possession as far as Llanganten. And thereupon he sent his men and his steward to receive the homage of the men of Brycheiniog, and the prince was left with but a few men with him. And then Roger Mortimer and Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn, and with them the king's host, came upon them without warning; and then Llywelyn and his foremost men were slain on the day of Damasus the Pope, a fortnight to the day from Christmas day; and that was a Friday. Och hyd atat ti, na ddaw mor dros dir! Pa beth y'n gedir i ohiriaw?